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Improving the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines
Grant Number: CA84512
PI: Jacques Banchereau
Funding Organization: National Cancer Institute
Project Start: June 1, 2006
Project End: May 31, 2009

Abstract:

Active immunization with dendritic cells (DCs) is an important new treatment modality in cancer. Vaccination of HLA-A*201 patients with metastatic melanoma with dendritic cells (DCs) derived from CD34+ hematopoietic cell progenitor cells (CD34+HPCs) loaded with melanoma peptide antigens, KLH and flu peptide resulted in the induction of CD8+ T cell immunity to melanoma peptides and some clinical benefit. Immunity was measured by the production of interferon-gamma in the presence of melanoma peptides and control antigens by CD8+ T cells obtained from blood. T cell immunity correlated with early clinical outcome and survival. Patients who progressed early had either no T cell immunity or transient T cell immunity to DC vaccination. There may be several reasons for the absence of DC-induced CD8+ T cell immunity in these patients including: the inability of DCs to prime T cells against tumor antigens, the presence of tumor specific tolerance induced by host suppressor lymphocytes, and an insufficient anti-melanoma T cell repertoire. AIM 1 will determine whether pre-treatment of patients with stage IV melanoma with CPA improves the immune and clinical response after DC vaccination. We will carry out a phase I/II randomized clinical trial in patients with stage IV melanoma who will receive either placebo or CPA (500mg/m2) followed by vaccination with CD34-DCs pulsed with melanoma peptides and KLH. As a control, a separate aliquot of DCs will be pulsed with HIV peptides as neoantigens that will be mixed with the peptide-loaded DCs and administered at the same time. The primary outcome is the induction of melanoma-specific CD8+T cell immunity. The secondary outcome is the rate of objective clinical responses. Tertiary outcomes are: reduction of regulatory/suppressor CD4+T cells (AIM 2) and priming of HIV-specific CD8+T cells (AIM 3).